BACKGROUND AND CONVEYOR TECHNOLOGY
Oil sands are mixtures of bitumen, sands, clays and water. Two tons of oil sands contain about one barrel (159 liters) of crude oil. As a viscous, syrupy form of petroleum, bitumen cannot flow under natural conditions. It needs to be heated or diluted to flow in a well or pipeline. In addition, the oil must be separated from the other components of the oil sands. Therefore, the extraction of crude oil from oil sands is more expensive than the extraction from conventional deposits.
Since 1967, oil sands have been mined in Alberta using huge excavators. In separation plants, the bitumen is separated from the sands and clays on site (after adding hot water). In further energy-intensive processing steps, sulfur impurities are extracted, resulting in flowable synthetic light oil (processing).
Outside the Fort McMurray mining area, the bituminous oil sands are at a depth of more than 75 meters. A production can no longer take place in opencast mining, but only by means of the steam process. Hot water vapor is injected into the oil sands layer via boreholes, whereby the bitumen contained therein becomes flowable and can be brought to the surface with the aid of further boreholes.
For further processing into mineral oil end products such as fuel, the light oil produced is exported via pipelines to the Midwest or the west coast of the USA; this makes up around 60 percent of the delivery volume. The remaining oil is processed in refineries in Edmonton. Canada plans to export larger quantities of synthetic crude oil to Japan and China in the future. For more information about the continent of North America, please check ethnicityology.com.
Winthrop, Iowa, is a small city located in Buchanan County with a population of 677 according to the 2019 census. The geography of Winthrop is characterized by rolling hills, native prairie grasses, and forests. It has a humid continental climate with warm summers and cold winters. Winthrop was founded in 1876 when the Chicago, Rock […]
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Wellsburg, Iowa is a small rural town located in Grundy County, Iowa. See health-beauty-guides for top counties in Iowa. The population of Wellsburg is 1,071 people as of 2020. The geography of the area consists mainly of rolling hills and flat farmland. Wellsburg is situated in the heart of Iowa’s agricultural region and experiences a […]
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According to fashionissupreme, Ewa Beach is a census-designated place located in the City and County of Honolulu in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is located on the island of Oahu, just west of Honolulu International Airport and Pearl Harbor. The area is known for its beautiful beaches with white sand, crystal clear waters, and […]
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According to ezinesports, Eleele is a small town located on the island of Kauai in Hawaii. It is situated on the southwestern shore of the island, just outside the city of Waimea. The town has a population of approximately 1,200 people and is home to many local businesses and attractions. The town’s main attraction is […]
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A small and clean island with a clear sea, a spacious snow-white coastline and herds of pink flamingos is Cayo Guillermo, lost in the middle of the Caribbean. On this small piece of land, there are only three beaches, washed by a calm sea, with a total length of 4 km, among which the picturesque […]
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US 90 Get started Grand Bay End Seminole Length 77 mi Length 124 km Route Mississippi Grand Bay Mobile Spanish Fort Robertsdale Florida According to citypopulationreview.com, US 90 is a US Highway in the US state of Alabama. The road forms an east-west route through the extreme south of the state, primarily serving the […]
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According to growtheology, Denver is the capital of the mountain state of Colorado. Although this city may not be at the top of your wish list, you should still consider it. Nowhere can you mix up culture (in the form of museums, restaurants and shops) and discover the great outdoors as well as in Denver. […]
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Sosua According to wholevehicles, Sosua is a small town in a calm bay, with a wide range of shops, bars and entertainment. This resort is very popular among young people and single men. Not least because of the many nightclubs and bars that are open until the morning, allowing cheerful tourists to “flow” from counter […]
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US 89 Get started Gardiner End Babb Length 392 mi Length 630 km Route Wyoming Livingston White Sulfur Springs Great Falls Vaughn choteau browning Babb According to Iamaccepted, US 89 is a US Highway in the US state of Montana. The road forms a north-south route through the west and center of the state, […]
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I-278 Get started Brooklyn End Queens Length 12 mi Length 17 km Route Gowanus Expressway 26 Hamilton Avenue 27 Atlantic Avenue 28A Cadman Plaza West 28B Brooklyn Bridge 29A Manhattan Bridge 29B Tillary Street 30 Flushing Avenue 31 Wythe Avenue 32A Williamsburg Bridge 32B Metropolitan Avenue 33 Humboldt Street 34 Meeker Avenue 35 → […]
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First European Explorations (1770–1855) Before the Europeans colonized present-day Nevada, it was sparsely populated by Native American tribes. The area has a rough and dry climate, which means that the population density was (very) low. Under New Spain According to watchtutorials, Franciscan Brother Francisco Garcés was probably the first European to visit the area in […]
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Ohio State Route 2 SR-2 Get started Hicksville End Painesville Length 227 mi Length 366 km Route Indiana state line Hicksville Bryan Stryker Archbold Wauseon Delta Swanton Holland Toledo Anthony Wayne Bridge Oregon Bono freeway West Port Clinton Port Clinton East Port Clinton Erie-Ottawa Regional Airport Lakeside Edison Bridge Bay View West Sandusky Southwest Sandusky […]
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The surface of the USA can be divided into five main geographical areas. To the east and southeast, the broad Coastal Plain stretches along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. The Appalachian Mountains run parallel to the east coast. West of them, the central plain turns into a prairie plateau. The entire western half […]
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Bakersfield is young and therefore not a destination for travelers interested in archeology. But if you want to get to know America today, you will like Bakersfield and enjoy your stay there. When you hear the word ” California “, you probably first think of sun, beach, waves and surfers. If you think of California […]
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Seaworld is all about marine fauna and flora. There are artificial coral reefs and other lake habitats, exhibitions with marine animals to see and touch, dolphin and other animal shows, variety and ski demonstrations, as well as rides, which are not uncontroversial among animal rights activists. 7007 SeaWorld Drive, Orlando, open 9 am-8pm daily, longer […]
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The hill called by the Indians Shawmut or Mushawomut and by the settlers Trimountain corresponds to the current Beacon Hill, on which the Government Palace stands. The name of Boston was adopted on September 16, 1630, in homage to the city of Lincolnshire from which many of the settlers came, who landed on the site of present-day Charlestown on June 17, […]
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According to themakeupexplorer, the city of Victoria is the capital of the province of British Columbia. It is located on the southeast coast of Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island is separated from the Canadian mainland by the Strait of Georgia. You can get here by plane or by ferry from the city of Vancouver. Victoria is […]
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Mexico is an amazing country with sandy beaches, ancient sites and great opportunities for active sports. Holidays in Mexico can become truly unforgettable and varied – it’s not for nothing that US residents love to relax here so much. Advantages and disadvantages Advantages Warm sea and gorgeous beaches Vacation exotic interesting nature Rich culture, ancient […]
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The residence of winter or the fabulous ice kingdom, Greenland is one of the rare tourist destinations in the world. Only a few daredevils are willing to take the risk and go to the abode of eternal glaciers that cover more than 80% of the island to see the mysterious fjords, taste fresh reindeer milk, […]
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Puerto Rico is a wonder island in the Caribbean. The secret of the unique atmosphere of Puerto Rico is hidden in the history and culture of this island. Puerto Rico is a tropical paradise with turquoise ocean waters, colorful fish, palm trees, lush tropical greenery, sweet scents of exotic flowers and rosy sunsets. The island, […]
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The two main candidates in the 2000 presidential election, A. Gore, vice president of B. Clinton, for the Democrats, and GW Bush, governor of Texas and son of former president GHW Bush, for the Republicans, while both experienced and politically strong, they were completely devoid of charisma. Bush, who could count on the resentment of […]
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In the demographic field, the United States is very interested in the variety and vastness of the phenomena. The contrasts between the individual groups of states are profound: thus, with regard to the territorial surface, we range from the lowest figures typical of New England (28,666 sq km), through the intermediate values of the Middle […]
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United States of America is a federal state of North America, whose territory is divided between 50 member states and the District of Colombia, in which the capital Washington is located. The territorial continuity of the S. was altered in January 1959, when the dignity of a member state was granted to Alaska, separated from the neighboring states (conterminous United […]
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Social development The Ministry of Social Development of Panama is the institution that develops strategic actions to promote human and social growth of the people who live in the national territory. Through the Law No.29 1 of August of 2005 reorganizes the Ministry of Youth, Women, Children and Family Affairs and the Ministry of Social Development of Panama is […]
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Dominican culture is a mixture of European, African and, to a lesser degree, indigenous elements. Among the popular festivals that are known in the country is the carnival, which is celebrated in many communities. There is even a Maroon Carnivalrelated more to African than European customs. In addition, there are the patron saint festivals that each […]
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Airplane: the Guatemalan national airline, Aviateca, is part of the regional Grupo TACA (together with El Salvador’s TACA, Costa Rica’s Lacsa and Nicaragua’s Nica). The US Federal Aviation Administration only gave the civil aviation authorities of Guatemala and El Salvador category 2, which means that they do not meet international aviation safety standards. Flights from […]
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Airplane: The most important airlines in Mexico are Mexicana (flies mainly to the USA) and Aeromexico (also offers flights to Europe, for example Paris). Their flight safety is comparable to that of the major US and European airlines. Iberia and Lufthansa fly from Europe to Mexico City, Lauda Air and Belair (from Zurich) also to Cancun. Condor offers relatively cheap flights to Cancun from Frankfurt, LTU also flies to […]
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Aruba’s pastel capital has Spanish-Caribbean-Dutch architecture. Here you can marvel at luxury cruisers that dock, giggle at American tourists in Hawaiian shirts, shop for diamonds – or have a refreshing lime drink at Iguana Joe’s bar. However, it is the beaches that attract the most and here most people spend most of their stay. Warm […]
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MONEY Currency 1 US dollar = 100 cents. Currency abbreviation: US $, USD (ISO code). Banknotes are available in denominations of 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 US $. Coins are available in denominations of US $ 1 as well as 50, 25, 10, 5 and 1 cent. The $ 2 banknote is […]
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When the victorious powers at the end of World War II decided to strengthen international economic cooperation, it was against the background of the perception that the difficult economic crisis of the interwar period was a strong contributing factor to the war. They believed that the Great Depression of the 1930’s had been exacerbated by […]
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The emergence The World Trade Organization (WTO) was formed in 1995, but plans for an international trade organization already existed when the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank were formed in 1944. A decision was made in 1948 to establish the International Trade Organization (ITO) as a specialist body within the UN. However, […]
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Yearbook 2005 USA. The beginning of President George W. Bush’s second term was marked by adversity for his Republican party. According to countryaah, Washington, D. C. is the capital and one of the major cities within the country of United States. The domestic political debate was permeated by bitter contradictions between the parties, and a […]
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Yearbook 2005 Trinidad and Tobago. When elections were held to the local parliament in Tobago on January 17, the ruling bourgeois party PNM (People’s National Movement) won eleven of the twelve seats. According to countryaah, Port-of-Spain is the capital and one of the major cities within the country of Trinidad and Tobago. A mandate went […]
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Yearbook 2005 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. When parliamentary elections were held on December 7, the incumbent United Workers’ Party, led by Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves, prevailed. According to countryaah, Kingstown is the capital and one of the major cities within the country of St. Vincent and The Grenadines. The ruling party won 12 out […]
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Yearbook 2005 Saint Lucia. In the spring, the CARICOM countries, which include Saint Lucia, installed the new Caribbean Court of Justice, which will settle disputes between Member States of the Caribbean Cooperation Organization and possibly replace the British Privy Council as the highest court in the country. According to countryaah, Castries is the capital and […]
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Yearbook 2005 Saint Christopher and Nevis. In March, the government decided to close the 300-year-old, state-owned sugar industry after the year’s harvest was salvaged. The sugar industry that had been so important for many years had suffered a great loss. According to countryaah, Basseterre is the capital and one of the major cities within the […]
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Yearbook 2005 Panama. According to countryaah, Panama City is the capital and one of the major cities within the country of Panama. President Martín Torrio’s draft budget, which was presented in January and included cuts in the public sector and increased corporate taxes to overcome the budget deficit, was met by strong protests from both […]
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Yearbook 2005 Nicaragua. Both the ruling Liberal Party PLC (Partido Liberal Constitucionalista) and the main opposition party Sandinist Party FSLN (Frente Sandinista de la Liberación Nacional) have experienced fragmentation trends during the year. Especially within the FSLN, excitement is rising ahead of the 2006 presidential election since the very popular former mayor of Managua and […]
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Yearbook 2005 Mexico. By the end of the year, the three main candidates for the 2006 presidential election were ready. The nomination processes in all three major parties were bordered by internal struggles. According to countryaah, Mexico City is the capital and one of the major cities within the country of Mexico. The candidate who, […]
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Yearbook 2005 Jamaica. According to countryaah, Kingston is the capital and one of the major cities within the country of Jamaica. The right-wing opposition party Jamaica’s Workers Party (JLP) in February elected Bruce Golding as new leader since Edward Seaga opted to step down. Golding was a member of the JLP between 1970 and 1995, […]
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